Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an extremely widely used amorphous thermoplastic polymer. It ranges from crystal clear to cloudy, is hard, brittle and looks and feels similar to horn. It offers chemical Resistance against acids, alkalis, oil, ethanol and gasoline, but is attacked by acetone, ether, chloroform and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It can be welded and fused with hot air and is suitable for Machining processes, with results ranging from good to very good.

Heat resistance is comparatively low - PVC materials can be used in temperatures up to only 60 °C and are prone to embrittlement in temperatures below 20 °C. The range of suitable applications can be expanded by using additives, plasticisers and stabilisers.

The following are common PVC materials:

• Unplasticised PVC (UPVC) is stronger and is suitable for thermoforming. It exhibits a low fatigue limit, low abrasion resistance and low-temperature Strength. It is used to manufacture, e.g. pipes, films and profiles.
• Plasticised PVC (PPVC) contains up to 40 percent plasticisers. It is suitable for applications including Cable insulation, hoses, seals and protective gloves.
• Chlorinated PVC (CPVC) is heat resistant up to 100 °C.
• Rigid PVC foam is used as a fibrous composite material (sandwich material) for applications including boat hulls and rotor blades on wind turbines.